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Tirzepatide (Dual GIP/GLP-1 Agonist)
Also known as: Mounjaro, Zepbound
Confidence
Updated 2026-03-18
Tirzepatide is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. It represents a novel dual-incretin approach that has demonstrated superior weight loss and glycemic control compared to selective GLP-1 agonists in multiple Phase III trials.
Class
Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist
Routes
Subcutaneous
Half-Life
~5 days (120 hours)
Tirzepatide activates both GIP and GLP-1 receptors. This dual action enhances insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite through central and peripheral mechanisms. The GIP component may additionally improve fat metabolism and energy expenditure, contributing to its superior weight loss efficacy.
Half-Life
~5 days (120 hours)
Bioavailability
Subcutaneous: ~80%
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic weight management in adults with obesity (BMI ≥30) or overweight (BMI ≥27) with at least one weight-related comorbidity.
The SURPASS and SURMOUNT trial programs demonstrated that tirzepatide achieved up to 22.5% mean body weight reduction and superior HbA1c lowering compared to semaglutide and insulin degludec. The SURMOUNT-1 trial showed up to 22.5% weight loss at 72 weeks. SURPASS-2 demonstrated superiority over semaglutide 1mg for glycemic control.
Human Studies
80
Animal Studies
60
Common adverse effects include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, and injection site reactions. GI side effects are generally transient and dose-dependent. Contraindicated in patients with personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN2.
FDA-approved: Mounjaro (2022) for type 2 diabetes; Zepbound (2023) for chronic weight management. Also approved by EMA. Compounded versions face same enforcement scrutiny as semaglutide.
Recent Regulatory Activity
Drug Interactions: Similar interaction profile to semaglutide — caution with insulin and sulfonylureas. Delays gastric emptying. Monitoring: A1C, renal function, lipase/amylase. Research Gaps: Long-term cardiovascular outcome data pending (SURPASS-CVOT). Head-to-head data vs. semaglutide 2.4mg limited.
Subcutaneous (Zepbound)
Common Range
2.5 mg → 15 mg
Timing
Once weekly, any time of day
Frequency
Weekly
Cycling
Dose escalation: 2.5mg (wk 1–4) → 5mg (wk 5–8) → titrate by 2.5mg every 4 weeks to max 15mg
Storage
Refrigerated before first use; room temp up to 21 days
Important Note
Inject in abdomen, thigh, or upper arm. Rotate injection sites.
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GLP-1 Receptor Agonist
Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. It represents the leading edge of the incretin-based therapy revolution and has become one of the most widely prescribed peptide therapeutics globally. Available in both injectable (Ozempic, Wegovy) and oral (Rybelsus) formulations.
GH Fragment / Weight Management
AOD 9604 is a modified fragment (amino acids 176-191) of the human growth hormone molecule, designed to retain the fat-burning properties of GH while eliminating its growth-promoting effects. It was originally developed as an anti-obesity pharmaceutical by Metabolic Pharmaceuticals Ltd. in Australia.
Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a licensed healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or modifying any peptide therapy. PeptideSupplierMatch does not prescribe, sell, or distribute peptides.
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