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Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1)
Also known as: Ta1, Tα1, Zadaxin
Confidence
Updated 2026-03-18
Thymosin alpha-1 is a 28-amino acid peptide originally isolated from thymic tissue. It is approved in over 35 countries (not the US) under the brand name Zadaxin for immune modulation in hepatitis B and as an adjunct to chemotherapy. It represents a unique case in peptide regulation — internationally validated but caught in US regulatory limbo.
Class
Immune Modulator
Routes
Subcutaneous
Half-Life
~2 hours
Modulates T-cell function by enhancing the maturation of T-cells from thymocyte precursors, increases NK cell activity, stimulates dendritic cell function, and promotes Th1 cytokine responses. Acts as an immune system "tuner" rather than a simple stimulant, potentially beneficial in both immunodeficiency and autoimmune contexts.
Half-Life
~2 hours
Bioavailability
Subcutaneous: well-absorbed (specific percentage not published)
International: hepatitis B, hepatitis C (adjunct), cancer immunotherapy adjunct. Research: immune optimization, chronic infections, vaccine enhancement, post-surgical immune recovery.
Extensive international clinical experience. Multiple controlled trials for hepatitis B showing improved viral clearance rates. Used as cancer immunotherapy adjunct in Chinese and Italian oncology practice. Limited US-based clinical trial data.
Human Studies
50
Animal Studies
60
Well-tolerated in international clinical use. Mild injection site reactions. No significant adverse events reported in published trials. Theoretical concern: immune stimulation may be contraindicated in autoimmune conditions.
Approved in 35+ countries as Zadaxin. Under PCAC review for potential US 503A inclusion. One of the more clinically validated Category 2 peptides.
Drug Interactions: May enhance immune response to vaccines. Caution in patients on immunosuppressive therapy. Research Gaps: Lack of US-based Phase III RCTs despite international approval.
Subcutaneous
Common Range
1.6 mg per dose
Timing
Morning or evening
Frequency
2–3x weekly (common protocol)
Cycling
4–12 weeks depending on indication
Reconstitution
Sterile water or bacteriostatic water
Storage
Refrigerated
Important Note
Internationally approved dose is 1.6mg twice weekly. NOT currently FDA-approved or compoundable in the US.
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Tissue Repair & Regeneration
BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from a protective protein found in human gastric juice. It has generated extraordinary interest for its broad cytoprotective and regenerative effects observed in preclinical studies across virtually every organ system studied. Despite this promise, it remains one of the most controversial peptides due to the near-complete absence of human clinical trial data.
Tissue Repair & Regeneration
TB-500 is a synthetic version of thymosin beta-4, a naturally occurring 43-amino acid protein fragment that plays critical roles in tissue repair, cell migration, and anti-inflammatory processes. Combined with BPC-157, it forms what is colloquially known as "the Wolverine stack" in regenerative wellness circles. Like BPC-157, its clinical evidence base is limited to preclinical data.
Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a licensed healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or modifying any peptide therapy. PeptideSupplierMatch does not prescribe, sell, or distribute peptides.
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